2024/7/1/ · IM, the artificial application of water to crops to supplement rainfall, is crucial for maximizing soil moisture content and crop productivity (Abou Ali et al., 2023; Canet-Martí et al., 2023).The impact of IM on soil properties by influencing water availability (Severini et al., 2023), drainage (Dossou-Yovo et al., 2023), and salinity (Weldewahid et al., 2023).