2021/12/1/ · Currently, the management of OSW includes landfilling, incineration, and biological treatment (composting and anaerobic digestion), which is shown in Fig. 1.The landfill competes with living space for human beings (Slater and Frederickson, 2001) and may pollute the soil and groundwater (Ančić et al., 2020; Mor et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2013).